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La inmunoterapia es ya una realidad para algunos tumores. En otros se avanza para reemplazar a técnicas más agresivas, pero todavía tendrán que convivir con las más modernas durante años 
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Su desactivación facilita los tratamientos inmunológicos contra el cáncer
Alfredo Corell's insight:
La inmunoterapia contra el cáncer —enseñar al sistema de defensa del organismo a atacar a las células tumorales— se presenta como la nueva revolución en oncología. Pero no es fácil. La revista Nature Medicine ha publicado un artículo en el que el proceso no se centra directamente en combatir las células tumorales, sino en otras que pululan a su alrededor y que, de alguna manera, hacen de escudo. artículo en Nature Medicine: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.3560.html
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Alfredo Corell's insight:
Imprinting of Lymphocytes with Melanoma Antigens Acquired by Trogocytosis Facilitates Identification of Tumor-Reactive T Cells
Galit Eisenberg*,Ronny Uzana*,Aviad Pato*,Shoshana Frankenburg*,Sharon Merims*,Eitan Yefenof†,Soldano Ferrone‡,Tamar Peretz*,Arthur Machlenkin*,1 andMichal Lotem*,1
Abstract Trogocytosis is a contact-dependent intercellular transfer of membrane fragments and associated molecules from APCs to effector lymphocytes. We previously demonstrated that trogocytosis also occurs between tumor target and cognate melanoma Ag-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). In this study, we show that, following trogocytosis, immune effector cells acquire molecular components of the tumor, including surface Ags, which are detectable by specific mAbs. We demonstrate that CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from melanoma patients’ PBMC and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) capture melanoma Ags, enabling identification of trogocytosing lymphocytes by staining with Ag-specific Abs. This finding circumvents the necessity of tumor prelabeling, which in the past was mandatory to detect membrane-capturing T cells. Through the detection of melanoma Ags on TIL, we sorted trogocytosing T cells and verified their preferential reactivity and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, tumor Ag–imprinted T cells were detected at low frequency in fresh TIL cultures shortly after extraction from the tumor. Thus, T cell imprinting by tumor Ags may allow the enrichment of melanoma Ag-specific T cells for research and potentially even for the adoptive immunotherapy of patients with cancer.
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Rueda de prensa de Gregory Winter y Richard Lerner. Reciben el premio príncipe de asturias de 2012 por sus importantes descubrimientos para el desarrollo de los anticuerpos monoclonales "humanizados" y su uso en el tratamiento de patologías.
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Prof. G.V. Scagliotti and Prof. Tony Mok
CONTENTS: -Introduction -LUX-Lung 3: Improved Quality of Life, as Expected -PSF v OS: why the disparity? -Reversible and Irreversible TKI -Crizotinib: Standard of Care for ALK-Positive Disease -Unusual Toxicity Profile of Crizotinib -Crizotinib of Benefit to ROS1-Positive Patients -A Durg for Every Mutation
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McKenna KC and Previte DM (2012) Influence of CD8+ T regulatory cells on intraocular tumor development. Front. Immun. 3:303. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00303
The interior of the eye, or uvea, is a site of immune privilege where certain immune responses are attenuated or completely excluded to protect non-regenerating tissues essential for vision. One consequence of this immunoregulation is compromised immune mediated elimination of intraocular tumors....
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September 24, 2012 (Beijing, China) — A new approach to prognostication, developed initially for use in colorectal cancer, homes in on the body's immune response to the tumor instead of focusing on the tumor itself. The immunoscore approach measures cytotoxic T lymphocytes that infiltrate the tumor; the more there are, the stronger the immune response against the tumor. This approach has been shown to better correlate with patient prognosis. In addition, some research suggests that it could be predictive and identify patients who need further treatment. Currently, most tests used for prognostication and prediction home in on the tumor itself. Commercially available tests, such as the Oncotype DX test, use a core sample of the tumor to analyze gene mutations or gene signatures.
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Conclusions Anti–PD-1 antibody produced objective responses in approximately one in four to one in five patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, or renal-cell cancer; the adverse-event profile does not appear to preclude its use. Preliminary data suggest a relationship between PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and objective response. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00730639.)
Link to NEJM:
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Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 methodology, the GBD Cancer Collaboration investigators estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013.
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Conclusions and Relevance Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation. JAMA Oncol. Published online May 28, 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0735
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Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Reporter Reblog Clinical Laboratory News Nov 2013; 39( 11) The Vicious Cycle of Under-Valued Cancer Biomarkers Could Sweeping Changes Bring More Tests Into Clin...
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Comment by reviewer:
The clinical laboratory has been concentrating on technical accuracy considerably beyond the clinical utility of many observations in clinical medicine. This is not necessarily appreciated, so when a test is inconsistent with the clinical hypothesis, it may be rejected as error. Errors may occur, but are rare, except if there is specimen misidentification. However, we are still focused on a “silver bullet” approach to use of diagnostic tests. There is some variability of the expression of cancer cells, so that there are subclusters to be expected within a major class. The level of applied mathematics that is needed to analyze this data has been refined enormously in the last decade, and has to be used on the selected groups of tests referred to with all due respect by Leigh Anderson, who has the imagination to pursue the highest accuracy in large scale MS analysis that his laboratory has pursued for many years. This reviewer is interested in the “information content” of a combination of tests, when the accuracy of testing is no longer an issue. By combining the high throuput and lower cost of processing, with vastly better mathematical technology than is customary – on the fly – would be a breakthrough. That would not be the end of this journey because there would have to be centers for analysis distributed within a few hours of the treatment centers (or at those sites), so that testing and processing would enable better facilitation of treatment.
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Alfredo Corell's insight:
Intratumoral FOXP3+VEGFR2+ regulatory T cells are predictive markers for recurrence and survival in patients with colorectal cancerHiroyuki Suzukia, 1,Hideya Onishia, , 1, ,Takashi Morisakib,Masao Tanakac,Mitsuo Katanoaa Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japanb Fukuoka General Cancer Clinic, Fukuoka, Japanc Department of Surgery and Oncology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japanhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2012.10.007, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
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El Ministerio de Sanidad ha aprobado el uso y la financiación pública del ipilimumab, una novedosa inmunoterapia contra el melanoma metastásico. Según los ensayos del laboratorio que lo ha desarrollado, BMS, este fármaco prolonga la supervivencia de los afectados de una media de seis o nueve meses a hasta cinco años.
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Louis M. Weiner,Joseph C. Murray,Casey W. Shuptrine By targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy as cancer therapeutics. Recent successful antibody-based strategies have focused on enhancing antitumor immune responses by targeting immune cells, irrespective of tumor antigens. We discuss these innovative strategies and propose how they will impact the future of antibody-based cancer therapy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.034, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
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Moderator: James O. Armitage, MD Jose Shapiro Professor of Medicine Division of Oncology and Hematology Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska
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Immunotherapy: Personalized Treatment for Advanced Prostate CancerOncLiveThis white paper focuses on the new immunotherapy, Provenge. In April 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration approved sipuleucel-T (Provenge®, Dendreon Corporation), an immune therapy and the first treatment for pre-chemotherapy use. Patients with castration-resistant and metastatic disease now had a treatment that would help the body fight its own cancer. This white paper focuses on the new immunotherapy, Provenge.
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Researchers have discovered a key molecule in the immune system that may effectively inhibit the growth of melanoma – Para iniciados. Enlace a Nature Medicine: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.2856.html
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La inmunoterapia se está configurando como una terapia individualizada en la lucha contra muchos tumores. Ya no es ciencia-ficción... las defensas nos ayudan a eliminar tumores. Este ha sido el lema principal de Congreso mundial de Inmunología que se ha celebrado en Melbourne en agosto de 2016